science

A review in Nature Reviews Cardiology maps a hierarchy of vascular harm across every nicotine product. Nicotine pouches sit at the bottom — least harmful among nicotine products — but impair endothelial function, raise oxidative stress and arterial stiffness, and have no long-term outcome data.

regulation

The Pacific nation of Palau has formally requested a WHO critical review of nicotine under the 1971 UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances — a process that could lead to an international vote by 2028.