science

A 24-week randomised trial funded by Altria found that adult smokers who switched to on! nicotine pouches had significantly less gum inflammation, bleeding, and tooth staining than those who kept smoking. Every author is an Altria employee or paid consultant — so the caveats matter as much as the results.

science

A peer-reviewed case series in BMC Oral Health documents two young men who developed receding gums and a white oral patch — leukoplakia — at the exact spot where they habitually parked their nicotine pouches. It is the first published clinical case report of leukoplakia associated with pouch use, though the lesion was never biopsy-confirmed.

science

A Karolinska study of 272 young adults found receding gums in 45% of nicotine pouch users versus 6% of non-users — and pouches caused more gum irritation than snus. Here's what the research actually says, and what it doesn't.